How much do you know about Philippine Literature?
Are you an avid fan?
or
You just know very little?
"NO WORRIES! OUR
PRESENTATION WILL HELP YOU UNDERSTAND MORE"
So what is the word "Literature"? read and learn.
1. It is a body of written works of a
language, period, or culture.
2. It is marked by the use of figurative
language- such as creative metaphors. well- turned
phrases, elegant syntax,
rhyme, alliteration, meter, and the like.
3. It is in a literary genre: poetry,
prose fiction,drama, etc.
4. It is read aesthetically.
5. It is intended by the writer to be read
aesthetically.
6. It contains many implications- which
are open to the reader's interpretation.
Are you surprised? There's many more just continue reading.
There are four "Qualities of Literature"
1. From the earliest of times, cultures
have been defined by their literature, whose medium comprises language.
2. Literature falls into two categories:
a.) Utilitarian
b.) Creative
3. People
read creative literature because they expect it to hold
their interest and provide pleasure.
4. The formal divisions of literature
are:
- a. fiction
- b. non-fiction
- c. poetry
- d. drama
There are two types of Literature it may be fictional or non fictional.
Under fictional it takes one to two approaches to its subject matter it can be realistic or non- realistic. With realistic, it doesn't need much explanation coming from the word real, it's much more true to life details.
Have you ever felt like your favorite character
is someone who would be your best friend in real life? or Have you ever read
something that is so good to be true but you wish you were there to experience
it?
But hey! it's just another fantasy, and that ladies
and gents is non-realistic.
On the other hand, the non-fiction is the counter
part of fiction where the writing that is
about real events and facts, rather than stories that
have been invented.
There are types of fiction it can be Novel or Short story. In non- fiction it can be in a Biography form or Essay. In writing an essay it can be formal where it is focusing on impersonal subjects and places less emphasis on the personality of the writer or in an informal way where it can a conversational tone or the topic is familiar ( personal).
Under Literature there are also Poetry and Drama. Yes, you read it right!
Poetry can be divided into three types:
a.) Narrative
b.) Dramatic
c.) Lyric
Drama can be classified as a:
a.) Tragedy
b.) Comedy
c.) Absurdity
"FICTION, POETRY, and NON-FICTION have different literary devices"
Fiction
Point of view: It can be a first
person or a third person
Tone: It is the atmosphere of the
story
Character: Identifies the character
in the story
Plot: It is the structure of the
work or the story line
Theme: is the overriding idea that
shapes the other elements in a story
Symbol: stands for something else by
reason of relationship, association, convention, or accidental resemblance
Poetry
Rhythm: consists of the flow of
sound through accents and syllables
Imagery: a verbal representation of
objects, feelings, or ideas that can be literal or figurative
Metaphor: is a figure of speech
where new implications are give to words
Personification: where abstract
qualities, animals, humans,or inanimate objects take on human characteristics
Allegory: Settings that represent
ideas or moral qualities
Hyperbole: constitutes an
intentional exaggeration for emphasis or comic effect
Non-Fiction
Facts: are the verifiable details
around which writers shape their work, mostly in a biography
Anecdotes: are stories or
observations about moments in a biography
Quotations: it is use to create
interest by changing the presentation format to that of dialogue
Do you know that our Philippine writing system is BAYBAYIN or ALIBABA that originated from the Javanese script Kavi?
The term "baybayin" literally means
"spelling"
Early Filipinos wrote on bamboo or on specially
prepared palm leaves using knives and styli.
They used the ancient Tagalog script which had 17 basic symbols: 3 vowels- a/e i, o/u;
14 consonants- ba, ka, da/ra, ga, ha, la,
ma, na, nga, pa, sa, ta, wa, ya.
A diaritical mark- the Kudlit- modifies the sound of the symbol into different vowel sounds
Of course when we talked about Literature we
are talking about the past and present practices and history our country.
During Pre-Colonial Period we have a folk sayings or riddles like: tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong in Tagalog, paktakon in Ilonggo, and patototdon in Bicolano. We also have folk songs which are repetitive and sonorous as in children's songs or ida-ida (Maguindanao), tulang pambata (Tagalog) or cansiones para abbing (Ibanag). Lullabyes or ili-ili in ( Ilonggo) and many more. Work songs sung to go with the movement of workers such as the kalusan (Ivatab), soliranin (Tagalog) and many more.
Narratives, such as folk tales and legends
(alamat), were created to explain natural phenomena and the origin of things
long before science came to be known.
Myths shows that early Filipinos believed in a
supreme being or god/s called: bathala (Tagalog), gugurang (Bicol), liddum (Ifugao)
and many more.
During festives and special occasions, epic poems
and songs on super-natural events or heroic deeds are performed like: hudhud (
Ifugao), ibalon (Bicol), and many more
Literature Under Spain:
The Spaniards brought theirs language and
culture, established a class system that was based on race, and imposed Roman
Catholicism on the Filipino people.
The natives called indios,
were not all taught the Spanish Language.
Religious lyric written by bilingual
ladino poets versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were included in catechism to
teach Filipino elite Spanish- like the dalit appended to
novenas.
Doctrina Christiana was the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593.
Poet-translator Gaspar Aquino de Belen wrote devotional poetry in the form of the Pasyon.
The colonizers introduced the theater: the komedya (moro-moro), the sinakulo, and the sarswela.
Literature under the Spaniards may be classified as religious or secular prose and poetry.
Notable secular poets were Jose Corazon de Jesus (Huseng Sisiw), Francisco Balagtas (Baltazar), Leona Florentino, Jacinto Kawili, Isabelo de los Reyes, and Rafael Gandioco.
A popular type of secular poetry is the metrical romance, like the awit(Balagtas’s Florante at Laura) and the korido (Jose de la Cruz’s Ibong Adarna) in Tagalog.
Filipino intellectuals (ilustrados) educated in Europe began writing about their colonization.
Reformers like Jose Rizal (Dimasalang, Laong Laan), Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel), Mariano Ponce (Tikbalang, Kalipulo) wrote for La Solidaridad; while the revolutionaries Andres Bonifacio (Maypagasa) and Emilio Jacinto (Dimasilaw) wrote for Kalayaan
.
Leading to the formation of the Propaganda Movement and the Katipunan, culminating in the Philippine Revolution of 1896.
Notable prose works include Rizal's political novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo and Pedro Paterno's Ninay- considered as the first Filipino novel.
Literature under the U.S.
The Spanish language was still pre- dominant among the Filipino ilustrados.
A great portion of Spanish literature by native Filipinos was written during the American Commonwealth period.
Among the newspapers published in Spanish were El Renacimiento, La Democracia,La Vanguardia, El Pueblo de Iloilo, El Tiempo, and others.
Three magazines, The Independent, Philippine Free Press, and Philippine Reviewwere
published in Spanish and English.
Well-known Spanish-language story writers/poets during the American period were Claro M. Recto (Bajo los Cocoteros, 1911)—who continued writing in Spanish until 1946, Fernando Ma. Guerrero (Crisalidas, 1914), Antonio M. Abad (El Ultimo Romantico, 1927), Manuel Bernabe (Cantos del Tropico, 1929), Flavio Zaragoza Cano (Cantos A España, 1935), Jesus Balmori (Mi Casa de Nipa, 1938), and Cecilio Apostol (Pentelicas, 1941) among
many others.
In Tagalog drama, the new colonial regime saw the literature of protest in such playwrights as Tomas Remigio (Malaya, 1898), Juan Abad (Tanikalang Guinto,1902), Juan Matapang Cruz (Hindi Aco Patay, 1903), and Aurelio Tolentino (Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas, 1903) who were arrested on charges of sedition because of their anti- American plays/sarswelas. The sarswela (zarzuela), a form of musical theater presented to the Spanish courts, also became popular. Unlike the komedyawhich teaches a moral lesson, the sarswela is for entertainment—usually a love story. The drama form was later used as a vehicle for subversion against colonial rule, with plays like Walang Sugat (1902) by Severino Reyes, Paglipas ng Dilim(1920) by Precioso Palma, and Sa Bunganga ng Pating (1921) by Julian Cruz Balmaseda.
So let's talk about "Common Wealth Period"
By 1901, public education had been
institutionalized in the Philippines by the American colonial government, with
English as the medium instruction. That year saw the arrival of around 600
educators in the ship USS Thomas ( the Thomasites ) to replace the soldiers who
had been serving as the first English teachers. From the new public schools
came the first Filipino writers in English who sought to capture Philippine
experience in the colonizer's language.
There are few English Newspapers that period like the Manila times (1898), Daily Bulletin (1900)
The Cablenews (1902), The Philippine free press
(1905) and many more. These helped boost the spread of the language
Verse and prose works by Filipinos appeared in student publications such as The Filipino Students' Magazine (1905)- a short-lived quarterly published in California by Filipino pensionados (government scholars), the U.P College Folio (1910) of the University of the Philippines. The Coconut of the Manila High School (1912), and the Torch of the Philippines Normal School (1913)
In this period, the sarswela- the popular musical theater in the 1920's through the 1930's- was replaced on the city stages by the drama in English by foreign authors, and later by the works of such Filipinos playwrights as Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero (Three Rats 1948), Severino Montano (Sabina 1953), and Alberto Florentino ( The World is an Apple 1953) among others.
Filipinos have also taken easily to the modern short story in English, like Paz Marquez Benitez's "Dead Stars"(1925), Jose Garcia Villa's collection Footnote to Youth (1933), Arturo Rotor's "The Wound and The Scar"(1937). and Manuel Arguillar's ' How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife" (1941) among Others.
As for novels, there were Zoilo Galang's A child of Sorrow (1921)- the first Filipino novel in English, N.V.M. Gonzalez's Winds of April (1940) and Juan Laya's His native Soil (1941)
As for poetry in the English language, there were Jose Garcia Villa’s Many Voices(1939) and Poems of Doveglion (1941), Angela Manalang Gloria’s Poems (1940), and Carlos Bulosan’s Letter from America (1942) among many other compilations.
In 1940, the first Commonwealth
Literary Awards were given by Pres. Manuel L. Quezon which
included Salvador P. Lopez’s essay “Literature and
Society” and R. Zulueta da Costa’s poem “Like the
Molave”.
" I highly recommend you guys these stories or books it so interesting and so much learning to know"
I know all of us know how the Japanese captured us, but do you really know the real purpose?
In year 1941 they want power against the
Americans and among all of them, but why Philippines, knowing that we are
just a simple and a peaceful country.
Wanna know why?
It is because our country is so much blessed that
they are fighting for it, the resources we have is so sufficient make it grow.
It's just that the government we have is so selfish or dumb to not use it, they
cannot picture out what the future is waiting for us if they use it wisely
rather than selling it and let them benefit while us suffering and loaning or
buying our needs in the under country that's why we're under crisis.
So back to the story during the Japanese Occupation they bomb Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 8, 1941; the Philippines followed on the same day. See how they planned everything, they first bomb the main source of weapons of America next is our country. That year the traditional misa de gallo (simbang gabi) was suspended in churches during the cheerless Christmas of 1941. Also Second Commonwealth Presidential Inaguration happened. While all of these tragic experiences is happening President Manuel Quezon and Gen. Doughlas MacArthur flee.
After that The fall of Bataan and the Death March happened where many Filipino and American soldiers died. They were forced to walk and starved to death, kill them with no mercy, with no soul, they were treated like animals to make them walk from Mariveles,Bataan to San Fernando, Pampanga. They suffered different kinds of diseases that causes also their death because of no treatment. Our co- Filipinos have no power to help them or even show some mercy to them because if you do, death is your future. During that time there were this writer one of the pensionados to the US who wrote this poem to express his care. He wrote it to motivate and inspire them to march until the end because rest is at the foot of the hill, there is really an end whatever challenges will come, you just have to know what you are holding on to fight with. He inspire them to fight for our country because it is rightfully ours, for our loves ones is waiting for us, that we have a future waiting for us.
Have you ever heard about the "Mickey Mouse Money"?
During the Japanese Occupation our own
money do not have value here in the Philippines, whatever it costs today or
before they came it has zero amount, that's why many Filipino suffered. If you
want to earn money you have to serve them.
Some Filipino happened to build a group called "Hukbalahap" meaning Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon they were the Guerilla warfare.
Communication is banned, in order to connect with each other underground newspapers circulated: The Flash in Tagalog, Spanish and English: Ing Masala ( The Light); Matang Lawin; Ang Tigbatas (The Common People) in Hiligaynon and English, etc.
There were this group Makabayang Katipunan ng mga Pilipino, better known as the Makapili, was a militant group formed in the Philippines in 1944 during World War II to give military aid to the Imperial Japanese Army Organised by Benigno Ramos and Artemio Ricarte, they were born out of José P. Laurel's refusal to conscript Filipinos for Japan.
The Japanese decreed that the group should be
founded in November 1944 when they brought together many of the supporters of
the defunct Ganap Party. Like Ganap its main area of support
was Metro Manila, although Makapili established chapters across the
islands, attracting some support.In all it attracted 4 to 6,000 members, many
of them poor or landless farmers who came to the group due to vague promises of
land reform after the war.Their main purpose was to counter the recognized
guerrilla and the Philippine Commonwealth military activity by anti-Japanese
forces in rural areas and to this end members of Makapili were given
rudimentary military training.
After the war ended in 1945, the group was
disbanded and vilified for its involvement in some Japanese atrocities in the
islands and individual members faced trials for treason as a result.
Are you familiar with "Comfort Women"?
They are the filipino women and girls
forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army in
occupied territories before and during World War II.According to
testimonies, young women were abducted from their homes in countries under Imperial
Japanese rule. In many cases, women were lured with promises of work in
factories or restaurants, or opportunities for higher education; once
recruited, they were incarcerated in comfort stations both inside their nations
and abroad. Philippines is not the only country experienced it, Korea, China,
Taiwan and many more suffered to.
But there is this women who fought for her
rights, who wants real justice. She is Lola Rosa Henson, you can read her
autobiography entitled with Comfort Women: A Slave of Destiny (1996) in
this book you will know how she fought for her life, so save her co-villagers.
I admire how strong she is to continue moving on with her life despite of her
tragic experiences. Also I salute her on how dedicated she was to claim the
right justice she deserve and the other comfort women, that money can't buy the
time that was taken from them.
In 1944, Gen. MacArthur landed in Leyte as promised that he will return to save us. 1945 it is the year where we won over the Japanese it is called the Victory over Japan day (V-J Day, 1945).
The New Republic:
On July 4,1946 Inauguration of the new Philippine
Republic happened.
The Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for
Literature was established in 1950.
In 1965, the U.P. Writers Summer Workshop was
started by the Department of English at U.P.
Popular Literature: KOMIKS
Komiks is the Tagalog term for “comics” created in the Philippines.
The first indigenous cartoons can be traced to Jose Rizal’s 1887 fable “The Monkey and the Tortoise”.
In 1907, the Tagalog magazine Lipang Kalabaw, owned by Lope K. Santos, carried
satirical editorial cartoons directed at American officials.
The very first Filipino komiks serials/ paneled cartoon strips appeared in the 1920s as page fillers in Tagalog magazines like Si Kiko at Angge in Telembang, and Ganito Pala sa Maynila in Bagong Lipang Kalabaw.
Si Kiko at Angge
Ganito Pala sa Maynila
In 1930s, the comics filler, Album ng Mga Kabalbalan ni Kenkoy, appeared in the entertainment section of Tagalog magazine Liwayway.
In 1946, the first all-comics magazine was published; the short-livedHalakhak Komiks lasted only 10 issues.
The 1950s saw the publication of Tagalog Klasiks (1949), Hiwaga Komiks (1950),Espesyal , Komiks (1952), and Kenkoy Komiks (1959)—giving rise to the “Golden Age of Pinoy Komiks
The 1960s drew inspiration from social realism and other forms of Philippine literature such as the komedya, alamat, and local folklore/mythology.
The 1970s up to the 1980s saw the development of komiks “supernovels”— stories spanning more than 50 issues.
In the 1990s, the komiks industry declined—only to be revived in 2007 by veteran writer/director Carlo J. Caparas
With the fall of komiks in the 1990s, primetime TV telenovelas and low-priced Filipino romance pocketbooks took over the media.
The standard 128-page Tagalog paper- backs cost P37 each, ranging from as low as P12 to P109 (special editions).
Contrary to popular belief that Filipino pocketbooks are only for the less- educated,baduy/bakya masses, 56% of their readers are professionals.
LASTLY The Dictatorship and Martial Law , all of you are familiar with this topic.
In 1965 Ferdinand Marcos became the 6th Philippine President. He was re-elected for 2nd term in 1969. To make the story short we only know the bad side of martial law , that Marcos wanted to retain his power longer. Have you ever think that he just did that because of good deeds? During that year, crimes and drugs getting larger that he cannot control it but what happened is our co-Filipinos petitioned it and turned into a war against him either that cannot be controlled. That's why they are forced to hurt to them. I believe that Marcos became a good leader to our country because he did lots of good works for us to benefit those for a long time. The LRT and MRT, skyway, expressways, he even value our resources and planned that we can use it for the progress our country.
After the assassination of Benigno Aquino there are lots of speculation that they are the mastermind but until there is no evident's to show. Until now it is still a big question who is the mastermind?
After that event it leads to PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION in FEBRUARY 1986 at EDSA, removing Marcos from power.
"I'LL RECOMMEND YOU THIS VIDEO FOR YOU TO BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE STORY OF MARTIAL LAW"
"THIS ONE IS ABOUT THE ASSASSINATION OF BENIGNO AQUINO"
" PEOPLE POWER DOCUMENTARY"
Please analyze it carefully with no bias.
Comment down below your thoughts and suggestions :)
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